Five major security issues are emerging in Mogadishu due to the continuous attacks by al-Shabaab. Bomb blasts are frequent in the city, with roadside bombs and suicide attacks posing serious threats to citizens and security personnel. These attacks not only result in loss of life but also complicate the security situation of the city.
Killings of government officials and journalists are on the rise in Mogadishu, leading to a decline in government influence. Al-Shabaab’s illegal taxation and extortion practices have increased pressure on businesses, while their influence in security agencies is undermining counterterrorism efforts, making long-term security of the city difficult.
Increasing Terrorist Attacks: A Major Security Challenge in Mogadishu
Mogadishu accounts for more than 60 percent of all terrorist attacks in Somalia, where al-Shabaab carries out hundreds of bombings each year. In 2024, over 500 civilians and security personnel were killed in targeted bombings alone, further complicating the city’s security situation.
The number of roadside bombs and suicide bombings has increased by 40 percent in the past three years, affecting public life. The use of car bombs has increased by 25 percent, further weakening the security of public places and government buildings.
Al-Shabaab’s Infiltration and Its Impact on Security Challenges in Mogadishu
Reports indicate that one out of every five security incidents in Mogadishu involves al-Shabaab’s internal contacts. More than 30 percent of al-Shabaab arrested belong to government agencies. Security breaches have risen to 20 percent due to corruption and weak checking systems, undermining counter-terrorism measures. About 50 percent of operations fail due to intelligence leaks, allowing al-Shabaab to avoid military operations.
The Role of Illegal Taxation in Fueling Security Challenges in Mogadishu
Al-Shabaab receives about $100 million a year in illegal taxes, while Mogadishu’s businesses under pressure pay close to $50 million. At least 70 percent of large businesses are forced to pay extortion in exchange for protection, further exacerbating economic crisis and instability.
Businessmen face severe violence for refusing to pay illegal taxes, and murders of business owners have increased by 35 percent in the past two years. This money is used directly to fund terrorism, enabling al-Shabaab to carry out more than 80 attacks per month in Somalia.
Mogadishu is currently experiencing increasing anxiety and violence, with constant Al-Shabaab attacks, infiltrations and illegal taxes exacerbating security issues in the city. Terrorist acts and an increase in the rate of economic extortion have affected stability, complicating counter-terrorism measures. Addressing these issues requires better intelligence analysis, prevention of corruption and more effective public safety in Mogadishu.
